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MACINTOSH KERMIT FONTS: PROPOSED DESIGN Frank da Cruz, Columbia University Last update: Wed Jun 3 11:38:28 1992 The present Mac Kermit font (Mac Kermit version 0.99(94) and earlier) has numerous problems: it's ugly; it doesn't scale well (or at all) to sizes other than 9 or 18 points; its code points for accented letters and other special characters don't agree with standard (or more precisely, Quickdraw) encoding; and it is internal to Mac Kermit only, so (a) can't be seen from keycaps, and (b) can't be used by other applications. The goal is to replace Mac Kermit's built-in font with a new one that can be used for true international-version VT320 emulation: 1. Built into Mac Kermit, but also available as an external font for use with other applications, by Keycaps, etc. 2. Available in a variety of sizes (such as 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, and 18). 3. Contains all the characters of ASCII, ISO 8859-1 Latin Alphabet 1, and the DEC Multinational Character Set, as well as the characters of all the 7-bit National Replacement Character sets (NRCs) supported by the VT320: British, Canadian French, Dutch, Norwegian, German, Finnish, etc etc, most of which are also in Latin-1. 4. The code points of the characters in (3) correspond to the code points for the same characters in the Apple Quickdraw character set, so (for example) Kermit-font international text, when converted to (say) Courier, will still read correctly (a-grave will still be a-grave), at least for all the characters that the two sets have in common. 5. The invertible mapping between Latin-1 and the text portion of the Mac Kermit character set will be used for both terminal emulation and file transfer. The full translation must be invertible over all 256 bytes. 6. DEC Special Graphics, DEC Technical Set, and "display controls" characters must be available, and mixable on the same screen with text font. 7. Screen fonts should be ordinary bitmap fonts for compatibility with old System versions, etc. Printer fonts are Type-1 PostScript fonts. There should be no dependence on System 7, Suitcase, TrueType, etc etc. 8. Regular and bold versions are needed. (Note: Mac Kermit's present VT100 font also has an Italic style, which is used in lieu of the VT100 "blinking" character attribute -- I don't know why.) This document proposes such a character set and font. It is hoped that Apple will recognize this (perhaps in amended form after discussion and further work) as the official representation for Latin-1 on the Mac, to promote interoperability with other Mac applications that need a Latin-1 character set. Or else Apple should publish its own official Latin-1/Mac mapping. THE MACINTOSH KERMIT VT TERMINAL EMULATION FONT On the Mac, a font is a particular character set (Standard, Quickdraw, Symbol, or other) rendered in a particular style, with variants for italic, bold, underlined, shadow, etc. A font may have at most 256 elements. A major problem we face right now is that Mac Kermit's "VT100" font is not encoded like other Mac fonts. So even if you manage to get a correct-looking display of your Swedish or French text on the screen, if you change the font from VT100 to (say) Courier, all the accented characters become garbage. We have to recode Mac Kermit's fonts to remove this problem. We can't just substitute, say, Courier for Mac Kermit's VT100 fonts because Courier lacks certain characters from Latin-1. And we also have to support VT terminal characters that aren't available in any Mac fonts. For the current level of terminal emulation, we need to support ASCII (95 graphic characters, including space) plus Latin-1 (96), plus DEC Special Graphics (33) plus DEC Technical (94), plus Display Controls (64) = 382 characters. In addition, we might also wish to support DEC MCS, which is identical to Latin-1, except it includes OE/oe ligatures instead of multiply and divide signs, and lacks the Icelandic characters and several others. This would raise the total number of characters needed by Mac Kermit to about 384. We also want a complete set of "display controls". These are graphic representations for each control character that fit in a single character cell, for example a small "CR" to represent Carriage Return, a small "LF" to represent Linefeed. A Display Control character is made of two small characters representing an abbreviation of the control character mnemonic, arranged like this within the character cell: +--+ |L | | F| +--+ ISO Standard 6429 names and describes the 8-bit control characters used by the VT200-300 series of terminals. These are also listed in the VT200-300 series manuals. The complete list of display controls is found in these manuals. For the C1 display controls, DEC simply uses the hex value 80, 80, ... 9F, for example: +--+ |9 | | F| +--+ Thus there are 65 display control characters: 0-31, 127-159. All the required characters can be represented using only two encodings/fonts. Here is a possible design. Font "A" (Let's call it Macintosh Extended Latin). This is the "text font". . Characters 0 through 31 and 127 are display controls. . Characters 32 through 126 are ASCII. . Characters 128 through 255 are as follows: Characters from Latin-1 and DEC-MCS that also exist in QuickDraw encoding use the QuickDraw encodings. Merge SPACE and NO-BREAK SPACE for the purposes of display -- they look the same. Define all remaining Quickdraw positions as "unused". There are 47 of these. Characters from Latin-1 and DEC-MCS that do NOT exist in QuickDraw are created and inserted in unused positions, rendered in the same style. These are: ISO Name PostScript name broken vertical bar /brokenbar superscript 1 /onesuperior superscript 2 /twosuperior superscript 3 /threesuperior fraction 1/4 /onequarter fraction 1/2 /onehalf fraction 3/4 /threequarters Icelandic thorn /Thorn, /thorn Icelandic eth /Eth, /eth Y-acute /Yacute, /yacute Multiply /multiply This makes a total of 14 characters. 47-14 = 33, enough for The C1 controls, which should be left undefined. Font "X" ("VT Special?"): VT special graphic characters, display controls, etc: The DEC Special Graphics set is a 7-bit 94-character set identical to ASCII except in columns 6 and 7, so 32 new characters are needed: box corners, diamond, plus/minus, less-equal, greater-equal, not-equal, etc, plus character 137 (5/15) is blank instead of underline. It is described in all DEC terminal manuals, VT100 and later. This set is currently supported by Mac Kermit. The final character of the designation sequence is "0". Because it is a 94-byte set, it can be designated to any of G0..G3: ESC ( 0 designates the DEC Special Graphics set to G0 ESC ) 0 designates the DEC Special Graphics set to G1 ESC * 0 designates the DEC Special Graphics set to G2 ESC + 0 designates the DEC Special Graphics set to G3 The DEC Technical Set, which is also currently supported by Mac Kermit, is described in the DEC VT320 and 340 Programmer Reference Manual, Volume 1, page 27, Figure 2-8. It is a 94-byte set that can be designated to any of G0..G3. The final character of the designation sequence is ">": ESC ( > designates the DEC Technical set to G0 ESC ) > designates the DEC Technical set to G1 ESC * > designates the DEC Technical set to G2 ESC + > designates the DEC Technical set to G3 NOTE: the DEC Special Graphics and Technical character sets and final character of their designation sequences are NOT registered with the ISO, and therefore the final characters "0" or ">" might conflict with those of a registered set. So "Font X" can have the following very natural layout: 0-31: C0 Display Controls (NU, SH, SX, ... US) 32-126: DEC Special Graphics (32-94 are the same as ASCII) 127: Display control for Delete 128-159: C1 Display Controls (hex) 160: UNDEFINED 161-254: DEC Technical Set 255: Display control for 127 (DT). This design means that Kermit's internal terminal character set translations will also have to change. Kermit will now have to translate characters during the terminal i/o process (port to screen, keyboard to port). It will NOT have to translate during print-screen or cut-and-paste operations. The display-control graphics are used only when the user has checked the "Symbolic Control Characters" box in Mac Kermit's Terminal Settings dialog. When the user selects a different font from the font menu, that font replaces only Font A -- Font X is always loaded internally, and selectable by menu assignment or host escape sequence (e.g. ESC ( 0 for DEC Special Graphics). Kermit's normal mappings and translations continue to apply to Font A characters, so it's up to the user to pick a font that makes sense, or check "terminal character-set transparent". This is a nice feature because it allows users to extend Kermit to support additional character sets just by selecting new fonts (as Font A) in Kermit's Font menu, and still maintain VT terminal compatibility, display controls, etc. Using this design, it should be easy to add support for other 8-bit sets: for example, Font B might be based on ISO 8859-2: "simply" copy Font A and replace characters 160-255 with those from Latin-2, retaining the greatest possible encoding correspondence with whatever Macintosh encoding is used in Eastern Europe (if any). ENCODING Here is a list of the characters of ISO 8859-1 Latin Alphabet 1 and the corresponding codes in the Apple QuickDraw character set: ISO Name Latin-1 QuickDraw -------------------- ------- --------- No-break space 160 202 Inverted exclamation 161 193 Cent sign 162 162 Pound sign 163 163 Currency sign 164 219 Yen sign 165 180 Broken bar 166 - Paragraph sign 167 164 Diaeresis 168 172 Copyright sign 169 169 Feminine ordinal 170 187 Left angle quotation 171 199 Not sign 172 194 Soft hyphen 173 - Registered trade mark 174 168 Macron 175 248 Degree sign, ring above 176 161 Plus-minus sign 177 177 Superscript two 178 - Superscript three 179 - Acute accent 180 171 Micro sign 181 181 Pilcrow sign 182 166 Middle dot 183 225 Cedilla 184 252 Superscript one 185 - Masculine ordinal 186 188 Right angle quotation 187 200 One quarter 188 - One half 189 - Three quarters 190 - Inverted question mark 191 192 A grave 192 203 A acute 193 231 A circumflex 194 229 A tilde 195 204 A diaeresis 196 128 A ring above 197 129 A with E 198 174 C Cedilla 199 130 E grave 200 233 E acute 201 131 E circumflex 202 230 E diaeresis 203 232 I grave 204 237 I acute 205 234 I circumflex 206 235 I diaeresis 207 236 Icelandic Eth 208 - N tilde 209 132 O grave 210 241 O acute 211 238 O circumflex 212 239 O tilde 213 205 O diaeresis 214 133 Multiplication sign 215 - O oblique stroke 216 175 U grave 217 244 U acute 218 242 U circumflex 219 243 U diaeresis 220 134 Y acute 221 - Icelandic Thorn 222 - German sharp s 223 167 a grave 224 136 a acute 225 135 a circumflex 226 137 a tilde 227 139 a diaeresis 228 138 a ring above 229 140 a with e 230 190 c cedilla 231 141 e grave 232 143 e acute 233 142 e circumflex 234 144 e diaeresis 235 145 i grave 236 147 i acute 237 146 i circumflex 238 148 i diaeresis 239 149 Icelandic eth 240 - n tilde 241 150 o grave 242 152 o acute 243 151 o circumflex 244 153 o tilde 245 155 o diaeresis 246 154 Division sign 247 214 o oblique stroke 248 191 u grave 249 157 u acute 250 156 u circumflex 251 158 u diaeresis 252 159 y acute 253 - Icelandic thorn 254 - y diaeresis 255 216 To allow both Latin-1 and DEC MCS terminal character sets, we should also include the OE/oe ligature, which occupies the same code points in DEC MCS as the Latin-1 division and multiplication signs: DEC-MCS OE digraph (215) 206 206 DEC-MCS oe digraph (247) 207 207 This leaves us with the following empty QuickDraw code points: 1. 160 Dagger 2. 165 Center Dot (fat) 3. 170 TM (not circled) 4. 173 Not equals 5. 176 Infinity 6. 178 <= 7. 179 >= 8. 182 delta 9. 183 Sigma 10. 184 Pi 11. 185 pi 12. 186 Integral 13. 189 Omega 14. 195 Radical 15. 196 Florin 16. 197 Approx = 17. 198 Delta 18. 201 Ellipsis 19. 208 En-dash 20. 209 Em-dash 21. 210 Left doublequote 22. 211 Right doublequote 23. 212 Left singlequote 24. 213 Right singlequote 25. 215 Diamond 26. 217 Y diaeresis 27. 218 Slash 28. 220 Left angle bracket 29. 221 Right angle bracket 30. 222 fi ligature 31. 223 fl ligature 32. 224 Double dagger 33. 226 Baseline singlequote 34. 227 Baseline doublequote 35. 228 Per mil 36. 240 Apple 37. 245 i-dotless 38. 246 Circumflex 39. 247 Tilde 40. 249 Breve 41. 250 Dot accent 42. 251 Ring above 43. 253 Hungarian umlaut 44. 254 Ogonek 45. 255 Caron We need to assign code points for the 15 characters from Latin-1 that do not exist in QuickDraw. 45 free code points are available, leaving 30 free after we make these assignments. Here is a possible mapping of the Latin-1 characters that are not part of the QuickDraw character set. The mappings are chosen so as to replace the most "useless" QuickDraw characters, reserving others that might be used in some future terminal or file character set for possible future use, and also to use the closest available QuickDraw characters in the few cases where it is desirable to show something reasonable in case the user displays a "Font A" file in (say) Courier/QuickDraw (such as center dot in place of multiply). The Icelandic Thorn and Eth characters are placed at the same positions that Apple uses on its Icelandic-model Macs. Name Latin-1 Font-A Postscript (for printer font) ------- ------ ----------------------------- No break space 160 202 /space Broken bar 166 160 /brokenbar Soft hyphen 173 208 /hyphen Superscript two 178 170 /twosuperior Superscript three 179 173 /threesuperior Superscript one 185 176 /onesuperior One quarter 188 178 /onequarter One half 189 179 /onehalf Three quarters 190 186 /threequarters Icelandic Eth 208 220 /Eth Multiplication sign 215 165 /multiply Y acute 221 160 /Yacute Icelandic Thorn 222 222 /Thorn Icelandic eth 240 221 /eth y acute 253 224 /yacute Icelandic thorn 254 223 /thorn This leaves 30 codes still free. Whatever mapping we choose, it should be the same as the file transfer character-set mapping, so we can cut and paste terminal screens and transfer files with the same results. I learned (the hard way, and with help from Bur Davis at Adobe) that when constructing a Courier-based PostScript Latin-1 font, certain characters that are not actually used in Latin-1 must still be present in the font, otherwise many Latin-1 characters themselves cannot be printed on certain kinds of PostScript printers (see kermit/charsets/textps.c on watsun). The problem is that in early versions of PostScript (pre-47.0, I think), Courier was a "stroke font", in which many of the accented characters are composed from other characters (for example, i-grave = i-dotless + grave). Thus dotless i and the various accents must be present in the font. So if our printer font were to be like Courier, we must allocate at least the following from our 30 free positions. The suggested encodings are QuickDraw encodings when the character is part of the QuickDraw character set, otherwise they are chosen arbitrarily (*). Suggested Name Encoding PostScript Remarks ------------ -------- ---------- ------- Grave accent 197* /grave Not in QuickDraw Dotless i 245 /dotlessi Circumflex 246 /circumflex Tilde 247 /tilde Not the same as /asciitilde Ring above 251 /ring For future expansion into other Roman-based language groups (East European, etc), we should also include: Suggested Name Encoding PostScript Remarks ------------ -------- ---------- ------- Breve 249 /breve Caron 255 /caron Ogonek 254 /ogonek Hungarian Umlaut 253 /hungarumlaut Dot accent 250 /dotaccent L with stroke 220* /Lslash Not in QuickDraw l with stroke 221* /lslash Not in QuickDraw And for compatibility with the Dutch ISO 646 variant as well as various proprietary host character sets (like Data General): Florin sign 196 /florin For a total of 14 more characters, reducing our free positions from 30 to 16. The printer version of Font A should be easy to create: it's simply a PostScript encoding vector -- the characters are already known to PostScript. The printer version of Font X will have to be printed as a bit map screen font. COMPLETE LISTING OF MAC KERMIT TEXT FONT ENCODING When a character does not appear in Quickdraw, the corresponding Quickdraw character is named in the rightmost column to show the effect of font changes between Mac Extended Latin and purely Quickdraw-based fonts. When a character does not appear in Latin-1, it is marked with a "*" in the Latin column. All such characters are assigned to the C1 area (128-159). The PostScript character name is given to facilitate construction of a Mac Extended Latin PostScript font. The following table produces an invertible translation between Mac Extended Latin and Latin Alphabet 1. Sixteen character positions remain unused and undefined, and may be used for future expansion. Code Character Name PostScript Name Apple Latin Quickdraw 128 A diaeresis /Adieresis 128 196 129 A ring above /Aring 129 197 130 C Cedilla /Ccedilla 130 199 131 E acute /Eacute 131 201 132 N tilde /Ntilde 132 209 133 O diaeresis /Odieresis 133 214 134 U diaeresis /Udieresis 134 220 135 a acute /aacute 135 225 136 a grave /agrave 136 224 137 a circumflex /acircumflex 137 226 138 a diaeresis /adieresis 138 228 139 a tilde /atilde 139 227 140 a ring above /aring 140 229 141 c cedilla /ccedilla 141 231 142 e acute /eacute 142 233 143 e grave /egrave 143 232 144 e circumflex /ecircumflex 144 234 145 e diaeresis /edieresis 145 235 146 i acute /iacute 146 237 147 i grave /igrave 147 236 148 i circumflex /icircumflex 148 238 149 i diaeresis /idieresis 149 239 150 n tilde /ntilde 150 241 151 o acute /oacute 151 243 152 o grave /ograve 152 242 153 o circumflex /ocircumflex 153 244 154 o diaeresis /odieresis 154 246 155 o tilde /otilde 155 245 156 u acute /uacute 156 250 157 u grave /ugrave 157 249 158 u circumflex /ucircumflex 158 251 159 u diaeresis /udieresis 159 252 160 Y acute /Yacute --- 221 Ellipsis 161 Degree sign, ring above /ring 161 176 162 Cent sign /cent 162 162 163 Pound sign /sterling 163 163 164 Paragraph (section) sign /section 164 167 165 Multiplication sign /multiply --- 215 Middle Dot 166 Pilcrow sign /paragraph 166 182 167 German sharp s /germandbls 167 223 168 Registered trade mark /registered 168 174 169 Copyright sign /copyright 169 169 170 Superscript two /twosuperior --- 178 TM 171 Acute accent /acute 171 180 172 Diaeresis /dieresis 172 168 173 Superscript three /threesuperior --- 179 Not equal 174 A with E /AE 174 198 175 O oblique stroke /Oslash 175 216 176 Superscript one /onesuperior --- 185 Infinity 177 Plus-minus sign /plusminus 177 177 178 One quarter /onequarter --- 188 Less-equal 179 One half /onehalf --- 189 Greater-equal 180 Yen sign /yen 180 165 181 Micro sign /mu 181 181 182 UNUSED --- 128 * delta 183 UNUSED --- 129 * Sigma 184 UNUSED --- 130 * Pi 185 UNUSED --- 131 * pi 186 Three quarters /threequarters --- 190 Integral 187 Feminine ordinal /ordfeminine 187 170 188 Masculine ordinal /ordmasculine 188 186 189 UNUSED --- 132 * Omega 190 a with e /ae 190 230 191 o oblique stroke /oslash 191 248 192 Inverted question mark /questiondown 192 191 193 Inverted exclamation /exclamdown 193 161 194 Not sign /logicalnot 194 172 195 L with stroke /Lslash --- 142 * L.Anglebracket 196 Florin sign /florin 196 133 * 197 Grave accent /grave --- 134 * Approx-equal 198 UNUSED --- 135 * Delta 199 Left angle quotation /guillemotleft 199 171 200 Right angle quotation /guillemotright 200 187 201 Broken bar /brokenbar --- 166 Dagger 202 No break space /space --- 160 Word space 203 A grave /Agrave 203 192 204 A tilde /Atilde 204 195 205 O tilde /Otilde 205 213 206 OE digraph /OE 206 136 * 207 oe digraph /oe 207 137 * 208 Soft hyphen /hyphen --- 173 En-dash 209 UNUSED --- 144 * fi ligature 210 UNUSED --- 138 * L.Doublequote 211 UNUSED --- 139 * R.Doublequote 212 l with stroke /lslash --- 143 * R.Anglebracket 213 UNUSED --- 146 * Double dagger 214 Division sign /divide 214 247 215 UNUSED --- 145 * fl ligature 216 y diaeresis /ydieresis 216 255 217 Y diaeresis --- 140 * Y diaeresis 218 UNUSED --- 141 * Slash 219 Currency sign /currency 219 164 220 Icelandic Eth /Eth --- 208 Radical 221 Icelandic eth /eth --- 240 L.Singlequote 222 Icelandic Thorn /Thorn --- 222 Em-dash 223 Icelandic thorn /thorn --- 254 Diamond 224 y acute /yacute --- 253 R.Singlequote 225 Middle dot /bullet 225 183 226 UNUSED --- 147 * Base singlequote 226 UNUSED --- 148 * Base doublequote 228 UNUSED --- 149 * Per mil 229 A circumflex /Acircumflex 229 194 230 E circumflex /Ecircumflex 230 202 231 A acute /Aacute 231 193 232 E diaeresis /Edieresis 232 203 233 E grave /Egrave 233 200 234 I acute /Iacute 234 205 235 I circumflex /Icircumflex 235 206 236 I diaeresis /Idieresis 236 207 237 I grave /Igrave 237 204 238 O acute /Oacute 238 211 239 O circumflex /Ocircumflex 239 212 240 UNUSED --- 150 * Apple symbol 241 O grave /Ograve 241 210 242 U acute /Uacute 242 218 243 U circumflex /Ucircumflex 243 219 244 U grave /Ugrave 244 217 245 Dotless i /dotlessi 245 151 * 246 Circumflex /circumflex 246 152 * 247 Tilde /tilde 247 153 * 248 Macron /macron 248 175 249 Breve /breve 249 154 * 250 Dot accent /dotaccent 250 155 * 251 Ring above /ring 251 156 * 252 Cedilla /cedilla 252 184 253 Hungarian Umlaut /hungarumlaut 253 157 * 254 Ogonek /ogonek 254 158 * 255 Caron /caron 255 159 * INVERTIBLE TRANSLATION TABLES From Extended Mac Latin (Font A) to Latin-1: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 196, 197, 199, 201, 209, 214, 220, 225, 224, 226, 228, 227, 229, 231, 233, 232, 234, 235, 237, 236, 238, 239, 241, 243, 242, 244, 246, 245, 250, 249, 251, 252, 221, 176, 162, 163, 167, 215, 182, 223, 174, 169, 178, 180, 168, 179, 198, 216, 185, 177, 188, 189, 165, 181, 128, 129, 130, 131, 190, 170, 186, 132, 230, 248, 191, 161, 172, 142, 133, 134, 135, 171, 187, 166, 160, 192, 195, 213, 136, 137, 173, 144, 138, 139, 143, 146, 247, 145, 255, 140, 141, 164, 208, 240, 222, 254, 253, 183, 147, 148, 149, 194, 202, 193, 203, 200, 205, 206, 207, 204, 211, 212, 150, 210, 218, 219, 217, 151, 152, 153, 175, 154, 155, 156, 184, 157, 158, 159 Latin-1 to Extended Mac Latin: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 182, 183, 184, 185, 189, 196, 197, 198, 206, 207, 210, 211, 217, 218, 195, 212, 209, 215, 213, 226, 227, 228, 240, 245, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255, 202, 193, 162, 163, 219, 180, 201, 164, 172, 169, 187, 199, 194, 208, 168, 248, 161, 177, 170, 173, 171, 181, 166, 225, 252, 176, 188, 200, 178, 179, 186, 192, 203, 231, 229, 204, 128, 129, 174, 130, 233, 131, 230, 232, 237, 234, 235, 236, 220, 132, 241, 238, 239, 205, 133, 165, 175, 244, 242, 243, 134, 160, 222, 167, 136, 135, 137, 139, 138, 140, 190, 141, 143, 142, 144, 145, 147, 146, 148, 149, 221, 150, 152, 151, 153, 155, 154, 214, 191, 157, 156, 158, 159, 224, 223, 216 FUTURE EXPANSION Sixteen positions are free. Latin Alphabet 2 has 34 characters that are not in Mac Extended Latin. Latin Alphabet 3 has 22 characters that are not in Mac Extended Latin. Latin Alphabet 4 has 36 characters that are not in Mac Extended Latin. Latin Alphabet 5 has 5 characters that are not in Mac Extended Latin. None of these sets of additional characters except Latin-5 will fit. The five characters from Latin-5 are used for Turkish: G-breve, g-breve, S-cedilla, s-cedilla, Uppercase I with dot above. So by adding these five characters we can also fully support Turkish. RELATED FILES On watsun.cc.columbia.edu, in the directory kermit/charsets, accessible via anonymous FTP: maclatin.proposal - This file latin1.c - C program to generate ISO 8859-1 Latin Alphabet 1 table decmscs.c - C program to generate DEC Multinational Character set table dec-special.c - C program to generate DEC Special Graphics table dectech.c - C program to generate DEC Technical table maclatin.c - C program to generate Mac Extended Latin table maclatin.hqx - A BinHex-encoded preliminary version of the Mac Latin font macfontx.txt - Proposal for Mac Font X (DEC Special and DEC Technical) and in the directory kermit/a, a listing of VT320 escape sequences: msvibm.vt and in directory kermit/e, a document that contains, among other things, summaries of the ISO character-set-related standards, including ISO 4873 and 2022 (all about designation and invocation of character sets): isok7.txt (note:, as the draft number increases, the "7" might become "8", etc.) (End of document)